
THE PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN in PHOTOS
How
old would you say this young man is? 8? 10?
Well, his photo is on the front page of the
website www.endjlwop.org , the
home
page for the national Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth (CFSY).
He isn't an actual offender, we are sure, though
we have written CFSY and asked them for the information as to who this is. He is a child actor, as these advocates often use in their photos in
their published "reports".
But in case you had not already figured it
out, NO ONE in the United States has ever been sentenced to life without parole
at an age that young. Even by their own numbers, 88% of JLWOP cases nationally
are 17 (over half) and 16 (most of the rest). The youngest we have documented is
13 (only a handful of cases nationally) and that only for extremely violent and repeatedly serious offenses, and
there are only
single digit numbers of those cases nationally. And while there may be
some consensus that some states may need to increase legal protections for those
very youngest offenders, overall and overwhelmingly JLWOP is extremely and
appropriately rare - reserved only for those few
older teens who engage in the truly worst of the worst conduct, and who pose an
on-going danger to society. We call on the offender advocates to stop this
propaganda campaign. There are hundreds of pictures, videos, etc., like these being used
nationally to try to stop a legitimate and necessary prison sentence in rare and
exceptionally dangerous circumstances for mature teens who demonstrate the
highest degrees of culpability after committing extremely violent crimes.
And
how old would you say this young actor is? 9, at best?
Note the baggy pants. Effective, eh?

How
old is this little girl actress, really?
Just so you know, this is NOT the face of
JLWOP in the United States. These are child actors in a propaganda photo,
published in one of their reports, and
they do not reflect a single real case of JLWOP in the USA. It was published in
one of the reports put out by offender advocates wishing to end JLWOP in the USA,
but who are engaging in a disingenuous campaign of misinformation.
And oh, by the way, the reports in which
these photos appear do NOT detail any of the extremely violent crimes
committed by juvenile lifers in the USA, nor does it mention their devastated
victims left behind. And it definitely does not show the murder photos of the
victims of the killers they are trying to set free.
NOVJL asks that all offender advocates
take just a small portion of the money they are spending on their glossy
publications and give some to a devastated victims family, struggling to cope
with, for example, the loss of a family breadwinner because they were murdered
by a violent teen.
See our In
Memoriam page for the real face of JLWOP in the USA.
And read the
Heritage
Foundation report that sets the record straight on the real record of the
extremely violent offenders who as mature teens in the USA are rarely but
appropriately meriting life sentences for their extremely heinous and repeatedly
violent crimes.
We have been shocked by some of the
published stories (see our Links page for their reports
in downloadable form) about these younger criminals that are based entirely on
the versions of the crimes provided for by the offenders themselves. Not
surprisingly, convicted murderers will lie about what they did to earn their
life sentences. And when offender advocates ONLY talk to the criminals
themselves, and then publish that version of the account -- without researching
court, police, and forensic evidence, as well as other eyewitnesses, the
propaganda is easy. The story for the offender sounds totally sympathetic, and
one comes off reading this coverage wondering how these poor "children" could
ever have been arrested, much less tried and sentenced to life for murder as
adults. The true stories of these horribly violent
crimes, often carefully and coldly and knowingly planned out by violent teens
who were absolutely culpable for their decisions and knew exactly what they were
doing, make it clear why they are in prison for life. And your local
prosecutor's office can give you details about what actually happened in cases
in your area.
Offender advocates have been lying about
the numbers of these cases nationwide, publishing "estimates" that include 19
year olds.
And how old do you
think these two young actors are?
We are guessing maybe 7 years old? 8?
This is the cover of a report from the San
Francisco School of Law!!
The picture and this cover send a clear message - the United
States sentences 7 and 8 year olds to death.
NOT, of course, true at all. And this is the epitome of
irresponsible advocacy.
At what point do we begin to call this horrific use of
these young faces child abuse and exploitation by those claiming to defend them?
Offender advocates have been lying about
international law and standard, reporting frequently that the USA is the only
nation in the world to incarcerate violent teens for life. This is not true. 11
countries, including Australia, do. And some do far worse - they allow children
and teens to be sold into prostitution and slavery, and they allow torture and
other horrible forms of mutilation to children. The US record on treatment of
juvenile offenders is actually a generally good one.
For more complete coverage of the
propaganda campaign, as well as side by side examples of the facts of the actual
crimes versus the misinformation being put out by offender advocates, please
read the new report from the Heritage Foundation
Adult Time For
Adult Crime.
YOU TUBE VIDEOS ABOUT
JUVENILE LIFERS
We note there is
little to no coverage of the crimes and the damage left behind:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oWOJC9gLCMY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qsZ1gpPZEIU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qR7mno6p9iQ
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UX88aPfE5HE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doCO8oMqOPM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQJL6gx6_VE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=la9QJM4c3Ss
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7zaWGAcd3k
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ut1_Ua4f5vo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsKQygJM5Hw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiX3q2xjQHM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZCJpnwoRCc

Websites about Juvenile Killers and Violent Teens
or their
accomplices who
were under 18 at the time they committed murder, who were tried, convicted and
sentenced as adults, and who are now serving life sentences (some claiming
innocence):
Efren Paredes
Justice for Efren Paredes, Jr
Other websites for :
www.4efren.com
free-efren.blogspot.com
Mark
Clements: RELEASED on a plea
bargain deal in Illinois - August 2009
http://www.naarpr.org/node/4
http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/1613930,clements-judge-appeal-060909.article
Sarah Kruzan:
http://smokingsection.uproxx.com/TSS/2009/10/female-teen-sentenced-to-life-without-parole
Scott Dyleski -http://www.justiceforscottdyleski.com/leaddetectivelies.html
more:
http://www.theisticsatanism.com/asp/cases/PVitale.html
RuthAnn Veal -
HOW DO INMATES GET THESE SITES UP?! Who is
helping them? "Nubian Goddess"?? She murdered people and left behind devastated
families! She's MARRIED? Feeling "sassy"? Expects children "someday"?
Going to college now? She is serving life sentences in the Iowa Department of
Corrections for murdering Catherine Haynes. Her cute MySpace page does not
mention this, of course. She is also arguing in court that her sentence is cruel
and unusual. Looks like she's doing okay to us.
RuthAnn Veal
RuthAnn Veal |
|
 |
NUBIAN GODDESS
Female 31 years old
MITCHELLVILLE, Iowa United States
Last Login:
2/20/2010
|
Mood:
sassy
|
| View My:
Pics |
Playlists |
Gifts |
|
| RuthAnn Veal's Details
|
|
Status: |
Married |
|
Here for: |
Networking, Friends |
|
Orientation: |
Straight |
|
Body type: |
6' 1" / Athletic |
|
Ethnicity: |
Black / African descent |
|
Religion: |
Christian - other |
|
Zodiac Sign: |
Cancer |
|
Smoke / Drink: |
Yes / Yes |
|
Children: |
Someday |
|
Education: |
In college |
|
|
![]() |
RuthAnn Veal is in your extended network
view more |
|
| RuthAnn Veal's Blurbs |
About me:
|
Who I'd like to meet:
|
|
|


Defendant: Samuel Puebla (17)
Victim:
Valerie Zavala
Crimes: First degree murder, attempted rape
and felony murder
Crime date: January 1, 2003 in Fillmore,
California
Summary
Samuel Puebla attempted to rape a college student
whom he met at a party and, when she resisted, beat her head and chest before
strangling her to death with his bare hands.

FROM THE
JUVENILE LIFERS THEMSELVES
Condemning kids to life behind bars
ED NOTE: Mark
Clement was released from Illinois prison in 2009 with his case
overturned on a plea bargain. His claims of innocence now seem to be
vindicated.
He now works in Illinois with the NAARPR, the National Alliance
Against Racism and Political Repression.
July 18, 2008
Mark Clements is a victim of torture at
the hands of Chicago police and has been incarcerated since age
16--with four life sentences plus 30 years--for a crime he did not
commit. He is one of Chicago's youngest police torture victims and one
of the first juveniles to be sentenced to "natural life" in prison. He
is fighting for justice for himself and other victims of police
torture.
SHOULD JUVENILE offenders in the state of Illinois be sentenced to
natural life sentences and be afforded no opportunity for parole, even
if it is their first offense?
This is the question that Illinois
state lawmakers are trying to answer through legislation (HB 4384)
submitted by Illinois state Rep. Robert S. Molaro and assigned to
Illinois state Rep. Annazette Collins, who chairs the Committee on
Juvenile Reform.
In the state of Illinois, 103 juveniles, aged 13 to 17 years old,
have been sentenced to natural life without the possibility of parole.
Illinois does not have a life sentencing clause, but does have a
"natural life" sentencing clause, which is imposed without any
conditions of parole. This means that kids as young as 13 years old
can be sentenced to natural life, literally sentenced to "throw away"
terms.
Some of these inmate offenders have been incarcerated since 1979
within the Illinois Department of Corrections, achieving every level
of rehabilitation that Illinois prisons have to offer.
Should kids who are alleged to be guilty of crimes be warehoused in
Illinois state prisons forever, and never be given an opportunity for
redemption through some form of parole? This is the tough question
that Illinois lawmakers hope to answer soon.
Natural life sentences applied to juvenile offenders are
administered disproportionately by Illinois court judges. Seventy-four
of those serving natural life are African American, and nearly all are
from Cook County. Some are Chicago police torture victims who were
victimized and psychologically tricked into confessions or saying
incriminating remarks by police detectives. Some are kids who were
misrepresented by their lawyers, and many were represented by
assistant public defenders, who are overworked and underpaid. Some had
mental problems when arrested.
This is a country in which neither kids nor the mentally ill can be
executed, but they can be warehoused for the rest of their lives
inside Illinois state prisons. This is backward. Just as Chicago
police torture victims need to be heard and taken seriously by the
Illinois government, so do these kids, who have been sentenced to
harsh sentences and told that they should not be shown any mercy or
see daylight.
Do you feel that 13- to 17-year-old kids should be locked up
forever inside Illinois prisons and never afforded a parole
opportunity? Please contact Illinois state representatives and
senators at 312-814-2121 and request that they vote "yes" on HB 4384.
Mark Clements, Pontiac, Ill.
|
The Journals of
Nathan Ybanez, Colorado JLWOPer
http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/local/article/0,1299,DRMN_15_4082834,00.html
Erik Jensen's The
Next Day Foundation
http://nextdayfoundation.org/ERIK-JENSEN-STORY.html
Willie Bosket
Story on a Blog
http://canyoumeasurejustice.blogspot.com/2008/09/more-than-20-years-in-solitary.html
- Willie has been in prison virtually non-stop since the age of 9 for acts of
violence one after another

News Stories About Juvenile
Killers
Florida couple's
brutal and high profile slaying included 16 year old offender who will be
charged as adult
California Gang Member sentenced to death, but one of his murder cases,
committed at 17 is not included
Front Page
Chicago Tribune coverage of Kenosha, Wisconsin case: 14/15 year old
cousins face life for killing a woman who had already faced great tragedy in her
life and was active with "The Compassionate Friends", a leading national victim
organization.
More on the Wisconsin woman murdered by two juvenile killers facing LWOP
A Greenville killer now faces the Death Penalty and broken families left behind
all because when he shot people as a teen he was not tried and treated as an
adult.
A 13 year old on trial for murder could face life in New York
Notorious Outlook Killer is seeking bail
Tiffany Long case
Teen to be free soon
Youth Radio coverage
Christine Paolila found guilty
Mother of victim testifies in Virginia
Merced Teen who
kills Infant avoids Life Sentence
Annapolis. MD teen killer escapes life sentence
Victims Families devastated that vehicular homicide teen killers walk free
Greenville Teen rapes and murders 8 year old
Jonesboro shooter is sentenced
8 year old who shoots his father makes national headlines especially in how he
is interrogated
Had the offender been
treated more seriously as a juvenile, would he have killed as an adult?
Florida Teen
charged as adult in school shooting
Chicago media figure's parents brutally murdered by two teens in Indiana
People Magazine on David Biro
Hate Crime Kills Family Member of Previous Juvenile Killing Case - and
another article
Ed Note - the victim in this case is the cousin
by marriage of a family in Chicago whose 13 year old son was killed by an
Illinois Juvenile Lifer - how much more can one family bear?
Boy, 9, spared charges in shooting sister
http://www.pennlive.com/news/patriotnews/index.ssf?/base/news/1247533807241720.xml&coll=1
17 YEAR OLD VIOLENT OFFENDER RELEASED EARLY FROM 95 YEAR SENTENCE "BECAUSE OF
HIS AGE" LATER KILLS FOUR POLICE OFFICERS
Teen convicted of four murders in Rochester, NY

PETITION SITES:
In trying to get relief for Moishe Turner, a 15 year old who witnessed the
murder of a drug dealer and was sent to adult prison (July 2005 in Abilene,
TX.), a group (POPULAR) is requesting a petition be signed to show support of
this cause. As many minors in Texas and other states, Moishe had never been in trouble
and there was NO evidence linking him to the shooting. No fingerprint, no DNA,
no gunpowder residue on his hands or clothes and no constitutional rights for
another US citizen, yet we were railroaded by a highly paid attorney we hired.
Our son was coerced/threatened into a 30 year plea behind our back! He had
maintained his innocence for two years while he was kept locked in adult jail
for approximately 2 years with no bail.
Please take a couple of minutes to electronically note your presence to
POPULAR's web page. View the page to familiarize yourself with what this group
is trying to accomplish.
But above all, help break down the wall.....
I wanted to draw your attention to this important petition that I recently
signed:
"Help POPULAR Tear Down The Wall Of Poverty!"
http://www.popular4people.org/Tear_Down.html

Stories that show the Continued Dangers of Violent Teens and Cases where
Juvenile Killers get out early
Juvenile Lifer in Illinois Released on technicality only to kill again, now
faces the death penalty
This story, while
not a JLWOP case, made national headlines calling attention to the violence
and horrific crime that teens are capable of:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy-LEnWg-3Q&eurl=http%3A%2F%2Ffreemenow%2Ewordpress%2Ecom%2F2009%2F06%2F13%2Fwhose%2Ddaughter%2Dtomorrow%2F&feature=player_embedded
**********************************
Police: Ark. school shooter applied for gun permit
Associated Press - December 11, 2008 3:43 AM ET
LITTLE ROCK, Ark. (AP) - Police in Arkansas say a man
who helped gun down four middle school students and a teacher when he was a
child has applied for a concealed-carry permit under a different name.
Andrew Golden's application was filed under the name of Drew Grant. The
application was denied. Golden listed a home address 55 miles from the city
of Jonesboro, where he and a classmate lured students into gunfire in 1998
during a fake fire drill. Golden was 11 at the time.
Golden changed his name after his release from prison
last year. A judge has barred lawyers from releasing Golden's new name or
home address. Red flags were raised by the fingerprints provided during the
application process and authorities say there are several other reasons why
Golden's application was rejected. Investigators are determining if
inaccuracies listed in the rejected application warrant criminal charges.
17 year old violent offender paroled early from a 95 year sentences "because of
his age" murders
four police officers in Washington

Maurice Clemmons, 37, fatally
shot four officers near Tacoma, Washington.
UPDATE December 1 - Clemmons is shot and killed by police after
eluding the police
Seattle, Washington (CNN) (selections from the story)-- A suspect in the shooting deaths of
four police officers was not found in an east Seattle home where authorities
had tracked him, police said Monday. Clemmons is sought in connection with what police called an "ambush"
Sunday morning at a coffee shop near Tacoma in Pierce County. Four Lakewood
police officers -- three men and a woman -- were shot to death. Authorities identified the victims as Sgt. Mark Renninger, 39; Officer
Ronald Owens, 37; Officer Tina Griswold, 40; and Officer Greg Richards, 42.
All four had been with the department since its inception, and all of them
were parents.
The night before the shootings, Clemmons had threatened to kill police
officers, but witnesses did not report those threats till after the
slayings, Troyer told ABC's "Good Morning America." Clemmons, 37, is a convicted criminal with a long rap sheet. He was recently charged in Pierce County in an assault on a police
officer and rape of a child, according to a statement from the sheriff's
department. Clemmons was given a 95-year prison sentence in Arkansas in 1989 for a
host of charges, including robberies, burglaries, thefts and bringing a gun
to school. His sentence was commuted in 2000 by then-Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee,
said Troyer. Huckabee, a Republican presidential candidate in 2008, is considering a
run for president in 2012. "Should [Clemmons] be found responsible for this horrible tragedy, it
will be the result of a series of failures in the criminal justice system in
both Arkansas and Washington state," Huckabee's office said in a statement
Sunday night.
Huckabee cited Clemmons' young age -- 17 at the time of his sentencing --
when he announced his decision to commute the sentence, according to
newspaper articles.
"It was not something I was pleased with at the time," said Larry Jegley,
who prosecuted Clemmons for aggravated robbery and other charges in Pulaski
County, Arkansas. "I would be most distressed if this is the same guy." Huckabee's office said Clemmons' commutation was based on the
recommendation of the parole board that determined that he met the
conditions for early release. He was arrested later for parole violation and taken back to prison to
serve his full term, but prosecutors dropped the charges that would have
held him," the statement said. Arkansas
Democrat-Gazette newspaper reported that a year after his release, Clemmons
was arrested for aggravated robbery and theft. He was taken back to prison for parole violation. But, said the paper, he
was not served with the arrest warrants for the robbery and theft charges
until he left prison three years later, in 2004. His attorney argued the charges should be dismissed because too much time
had passed by then. Prosecutors dropped the charges. Clemmons is thought to have moved to Washington that year, and for a
while ran a pressure-washing and landscaping business. The license for the
business expired last month, according to the secretary of state's office,
with which businesses have to register. In recent months, Clemmons has displayed increasingly erratic behavior,
the Seattle Times reported. In May, he punched a sheriff's deputy in the
face, the paper said. In another incident, he had relatives undress, telling them families need
to be "naked for at least five minutes on Sunday," the newspaper said,
citing a sheriff's department incident report. Clemmons also believed he was Jesus and could fly, a deputy wrote, based
on conversations with family members. After serving several months in jail on a pending charge of second-degree
rape of a child, Clemmons was released on bond six days ago, according to
the Seattle Times. Sunday's shooting was the first for the Lakewood police department, which
was created five years ago for the town of nearly 60,000. Until then, the
Pierce County sheriff's office provided law enforcement services there. The four officers were awaiting the start of their shift at a coffee shop
that's a popular hangout for law enforcement officers. They were in uniform
and had marked patrol cars parked outside. The shop is in Parkland, an
unincorporated community just south of Lakewood and about 10 miles from
Tacoma. The attack occurred without warning. The shooter walked past the officers
to the counter as if to order coffee before he pulled the gun out of his
coat and opened fire at 8:15 a.m., the sheriff's office said. Two of the officers were "executed" as they sat at a table, said Troyer,
the sheriff's spokesman. Another was shot when he stood up and the fourth
was shot after struggling with the gunman all the way out the door, Troyer
said. Two baristas and other customers inside the shop were unharmed. "Just the
law enforcement officers were targeted," Troyer said, calling the shooting
an ambush."There's not going to be a big motive other than he was
upset about being incarcerated and was going to go gunning after cops in
general," Troyer told reporters on Monday.
NOVJL Commentary on the Maurice Clemmons case:
This is exactly the
reason that we believe parole is an unreliable system that endangers the
public. Our organization is standing nationally this tragic day with our
warnings vindicated but with more sadness than words can say, especially for
the orphaned children of the murdered police officers.

CLAIMS OF INNOCENCE in JLWOP
Cases
Ed Note: We at NOVJL are just
publishing stories that are sent to us and we do not take a stand one way or
other on the specific innocence claims of some JLWOP offenders because we cannot
know the facts of these cases - only courts of law can make these determinations. We however know that in
principle there are innocent people serving sentences in America's prisons. We
know this is a fact across the criminal justice system, and so we completely
recognize it may be true under cases of JLWOP as well:
Illinois news story April 2009 - AUG 2009
UPDATE - Mark Clements released on a plea deal.
Attorneys for Mark Clements,
who has been imprisoned since 1981 when h was 16 years old, moved today for the
appointment of Special State's Attorney Stuart A. Nudelman to represent the
State’s position in Clements post conviction proceeding, The motion was filed
before Cook County Criminal Courts Chief Judge Paul Biebel, who last week
appointed Nudelman, a retired judge, to take over the state’s cases in instances
of alleged torture of defendants by detectives working under now retired
Commander Jon Burge. The motion will be heard and may be argued before Judge
Biebel at 9:00 am Tuesday in Courtroom 101 at 26th and California. In their
motion Attorneys for Clements state that the appointment is necessary because
“Detective Daniel McWeeny, who Clements alleges participated directly in
eliciting Clements' false confession through psychological and physical abuse,
and who has been the subject of numerous similar claims of systematic coercion,
was subsequently employed by the Cook County State’s Attorney as an investigator
for over a decade, until 2007.” The attorneys note, “McWeeny's integral role in
the systematic torture that occurred throughout the 1980s and 1990s in Area 2
and Area 3 Chicago Police Headquarters exacerbates the potential conflict” which
should prohibit the State’s Attorney from defending this case. “McWeeny not
only worked for the [Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office (CCSAO)] while
Clements' post-conviction case was being litigated … but McWeeny also worked for
the CCSAO when this Court held that Devine's potential conflict extended to the
entire CCSAO.” Clements was arrested and beaten until he confessed to an arson
murder in which four people died in 1981. He was 16 years old and could not
read or write. There was no material evidence linking Clements to the crime,
and investigators have now learned who the actual perpetrators were. For an
updated fact sheet on the frame-up of Mark Clements and the case, please go to
http://www.naarpr.org/node/4

Teen dropout convicted of 4 Christmastime slayings during robberies in Rochester, NY
By AP
October
29th, 2009
Teen
guilty of 4 slayings in Rochester, NY
ROCHESTER,
N.Y. — A high school dropout, either acting alone or with help, stabbed,
shot or bludgeoned four people to death during two robberies over the
Christmas holidays last year, a jury decided Thursday.
After a
two-week trial, 18-year-old Jaquan Clark was convicted of second-degree
murder for killing two men and a teenage girl at a jewelry merchant’s
home on Dec. 26 and for executing a man outside another house in
Rochester three nights earlier.
Clark, who
displayed no emotion, could get 25 years to life in prison at his
sentencing Dec. 1.
“I believe
this is an individual who should never, ever see the outside of a cell
again,” prosecutor Sandra Doorley said. “He is clearly a threat to
society.”
The
defense contended that Clark, who was 17 at the time, was an unwitting
pawn in slayings carried out by a cousin who testified against him. But
investigators maintain the only information tying the cousin to the
murders came from Clark.
Clark
was indicted on charges that he either acted alone or with “another
participant, if there was one.” No one else was charged.
Donald
MacMaster, 62, Jeffrey Szymkowski, 33, and Arielle Griffin, 17, were
killed Dec. 26 at a gold jewelry business MacMaster operated from his
home. Alfredo Ocasio, 37, died from the blast of a shotgun that was
stuffed into his mouth. Authorities said he was robbed of the shotgun
and shot Dec. 23 while trying to sell it to Clark; he was found dead the next day.
Clark
also was convicted of criminal possession of a weapon. He was a
passenger in a minivan that was pulled over by police on Jan. 6, and
officers found a loaded .357-caliber revolver under a seat.
Clark, who
dropped out of high school in the 10th grade, had befriended Griffin and was seen in a car with her and
Szymkowski shortly before the triple slaying.
MacMaster
was killed first with a shotgun from close range and Szymkowski was
shot, knifed multiple times and battered with the shotgun handle. With
the gun out of ammunition, Griffin was beaten and stabbed.
His cousin
testified that Clark gave him jewelry stolen from one victim and
confessed to him that he was the triggerman.
Defense
attorney James Nobles argued Clark falsely implicated himself to act like a “tough guy”
to both homicide investigators and a young woman he was trying to
impress. “I think he was prepared for at least a partial guilty
verdict,” Nobles said.
Szymkowski
had lived with MacMaster for about 20 years. Clark left behind a
fingerprint on a kitchen knife at MacMaster’s house, grabbed a beer from
the fridge and drove off in Griffin’s borrowed car, the prosecutor said.
Police
recovered Clark’s DNA from a beer bottle left on the abandoned car’s
dashboard and found a knife on the ground 25 feet away. The knife tip,
which had broken off, was found embedded in Szymkowski’s skull.